![]() The exact history of the formation of Lincang humped cattle has not been verified. Lincang humped cattle is the more primitive regional livestock breed mainly distributed in the southern part of Lincang and Pu’er cities in Yunnan province bordering Myanmar ( Gan, 2011). Recent studies have identified the complex genetic diversity and admixture patterns of cattle breeds in Yunnan province ( Chen et al., 2018 R. Yunnan province in China is traversed by the Tropic of Cancer, which is mainly a tropical and subtropical climate zone. In contrast, indicine cattle adapt to continuous high and variable temperate climates ( Barendse, 2017). Taurine cattle mainly inhabit temperate environments. ![]() As for current distribution patterns, modern cattle live in different geographical and climatic zones worldwide. Existing research has recognized that worldwide cattle can be divided into five continental groups, European taurine, Eurasian taurine, East Asian taurine, Chinese indicine, and Indian indicine, through whole-genome sequencing analysis ( Chen et al., 2018). Our research provides new insights into the genetic characteristics of Lincang humped cattle representing Lincang and Pu’er areas as an important channel for the migration of Indian indicine from domestication centers toward southwestern China.ĭomestic cattle comprise two subspecies, humpless taurine ( Bos taurus) and humped indicine or zebu ( Bos indicus), both of which are derived from extinct wild aurochs ( Bos primigenous) ( Decker et al., 2014). These mutations may reveal differences between indicine and taurine cattle adapted to variable climatic conditions. Interestingly, eight missense mutations observed in the HELB gene were specific to the indicine cattle pedigree. Missense mutations were detected in candidate genes IRAK3, HSPA4, and HELB. Based on genome-wide scans, candidate genomic regions were identified that were potentially involved in local thermal and humid environmental adaptions, including genes associated with the body size ( TCF12, SENP2, KIF1C, and PFN1), immunity ( LIPH, IRAK3, GZMM, and ELANE), and heat tolerance ( MED16, DNAJC8, HSPA4, FILIP1L, HELB, BCL2L1, and TPX2). We found that Lincang humped cattle derived from both Indian indicine and Chinese indicine cattle depicted higher levels of genomic diversity. In the current study, we investigated the genetic characteristics of 22 Lincang humped cattle using whole-genome resequencing data. The location on the Yunnan border with Myanmar and its unique cultural landscape has shaped Lincang humped cattle over time. ![]() 5Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China. ![]() 4National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.3Academy of Science and Technology, Chuxiong Normal University, Chuxiong, China.2Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.1Yunnan Academy of Grassland and Animal Science, Kunming, China.Luyang Sun 1,2, Kaixing Qu 3, Xiaohui Ma 2, Quratulain Hanif 4, Jicai Zhang 1, Jianyong Liu 1, Ningbo Chen 2, Quji Suolang 5, Chuzhao Lei 2* and Bizhi Huang 1*
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